93-11: Silica Stabilization in Industrial Cooling Towers: Recent ExperiencesSilica Stabilization can allow increased cycles of concentration in waters where silica is a limiting factor. Recent applications of scale inhibitors specifically for silica control are part of successful water conservation programs. In one case, a Pacific refinery with 80 ppm silica in its make up water has reduced its make up water requirements by 50%. A discussion of silica chemistry and inhibition will be presented along with a field case study.

Some aspects of “environmental impact” of various approaches to the design

This paper discusses ways to reduce maintenance cost

This paper examines these emerging issues

In those cases where the cooling tower section and impeller is too big for testing it’s suggested to test a scaled down replica or do in situ testing

users of water treatment products may choose less than optimum products

whether processed from virgin or reground material

Copper alloy condenser tube is most frequently employed due to many desirable properties including corrosion resistance

When I was asked to talk to you on the subject of our environment

can present problems not found in modifications or additions to existing systems

highlight recent advances in the use of aluminum and all organic solutions

During the summer season

labor-intensive task involving the microscopic examination and statistical extrapolation